Aim:
The study evaluates the financial viability of primary agricultural cooperative societies (PACS) in Haryana and their impact on agricultural costs, returns, and production. It also examines farmers’ loan repayment behavior and challenges in accessing credit.

Material and methods:
Using both primary and secondary data, the research surveyed 540 respondents and applied methods like averages, compound annual growth rate (CAGR), and cost–benefit analysis.

Results:
Findings indicate that PACS in Haryana have shown financial growth, with increased owned funds and deposits, yet they remain dependent on borrowings. Loan recovery rates are uneven, and 70–85% of PACS operate at a loss, highlighting the need for financial strengthening and government support. PACS credit significantly improves costs, returns, and the benefit–cost ratio for beneficiary farmers, contributing to financial sustainability and higher agricultural output. Costs and gross returns increased across all beneficiary categories, reinforcing the positive impact of PACS credit. Additionally, while most farmers repay their loans, a small percentage defaults due to restrictive loan conditions and policy expectations. The study also identifies various challenges faced by farmers in accessing PACS credit, underscoring the need for policy reforms.

Conclusions:
This study will support policymakers in shaping a holistic approach toward securing the long-term viability of PACS.